Problems of translating customs terminology from Uzbek into English: a comparative and functional analysis

Abstract

This article examines the problems of translating customs terminology from Uzbek into English within the framework of comparative linguistics and translation studies. The study focuses on structural and semantic features of customs-related terms, the degree of equivalence between source and target language units, and the presence of terminological gaps. Particular attention is paid to the influence of national legal systems and international standardization on the formation of customs terminology. The analysis identifies cases of full, partial, and zero equivalence, highlighting the challenges translators face when rendering culture-specific and institution-bound concepts. The findings demonstrate that discrepancies in legal frameworks and administrative practices significantly affect translation accuracy. The results can contribute to improving translation strategies, enhancing terminological consistency, and supporting the professional training of specialists in customs and international trade.